Fibre Horizons responds to rapidly changing fibre ecosystem

Fibre Horizons 2027, the annual conference from Fibre Council Europe, an industry association promoting fibre connectivity across Europe, will take place in Milan on 17–18 March 2027, covering fibre’s role across Europe’s digital infrastructure. The renewed event builds on more than 20 years of the FTTH Conference, which has historically attracted more than 3,000 senior decision makers from over 1,000 organisations and more than 100 countries. The new name reflects the expanding role of fibre in Europe’s digital infrastructure, including data centres, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, enterprise connectivity, network resilience, and security. Conference broadens its programme Fibre Horizons 2027 will bring together fibre operators, service providers, technology vendors, data centre owners, investors, regulators, European institutions, and government representatives. The two-day event will introduce expanded content on data centres and enterprise connectivity, interactive roundtable sessions, a redesigned exhibition, and additional networking opportunities. The programme will retain established topics such as fibre-to-the-home deployment, investment, market development, and regulation, whilst also covering fibre connections to data centres and enterprises, AI, data centre interconnectivity, network resilience, security, open access models, and opportunities for fibre operators. Vincent Garnier, Director General of Fibre Council Europe, says, “For more than 20 years, the FTTH Conference has brought together the people and organisations driving Europe’s fibre development. Fibre Horizons builds on that legacy while reflecting how both the market and the role of fibre are evolving. “Fibre is increasingly the foundation connecting homes, businesses, data centres, and the wider digital economy. The evolution towards Fibre Horizons allows us to bring these conversations together and create a broader platform for the operators, technology providers, policymakers, investors, and infrastructure leaders shaping Europe’s connectivity future. “The ambition is not to leave behind what made the FTTH Conference successful, but to build on it. Fibre Horizons retains that established industry community and expertise whilst opening the conversation to the new technologies, markets, and stakeholders that increasingly depend on fibre infrastructure. “Our objective remains the same: to bring the industry together to exchange ideas, influence policy, showcase innovation, and build the partnerships needed for Europe’s digital future.” Fibre Horizons 2027 will take place at Allianz MiCo in Milan, 17–18 March 2027. For more from Fibre Council Europe, click here.

ABB, ETM develop direct-drive motors for data centre cooling

ABB, a multinational corporation specialising in industrial automation and electrification products, has expanded its partnership with Electric Torque Machines (ETM), a subsidiary of Graco, to develop and commercialise motors using ETM’s patented Transverse Flux Motor (TFM) technology for data centre cooling. TFM technology generates high torque at low speeds, making it suitable for large cooling fans, pumps, and heat rejection towers used in high-density data centres. The motors use a direct-drive architecture intended to reduce mechanical complexity, energy losses, noise, and maintenance requirements, whilst lowering lifetime ownership costs. Combined with ABB’s variable speed drives and motor portfolio, the technology is intended to provide additional options for cooling infrastructure. Meeting growing cooling demands Justin McMahon, EVP, Global Business Line, NEMA Motors Division at ABB, says, “As AI reshapes data centre design, operators are looking for cooling solutions that deliver more with less: less energy, less complexity, and less downtime. Our expanded partnership with ETM brings a differentiated motor technology that addresses exactly these needs.” Mark Sheahan, Chief Executive Officer of Graco, adds, “Our partnership with ABB is the right path to bringing Transverse Flux Motor to the data centre market at scale. ABB’s global reach and deep expertise in electrification make it an ideal partner to commercialise this technology in applications where reliability and efficiency matter most.” The partnership comes as data centre electricity demand increases alongside AI infrastructure expansion. The release cites global data centre electricity demand growth of 17% in 2025, with AI-focused facilities growing by 50%. The TFM technology will complement ABB’s existing portfolio of high-efficiency motors, ultra-low harmonic variable speed drives, and liquid cooling experience, as operators seek cooling systems designed for continuous operation and higher heat loads. The motors will be marketed under the ABB brand. For more from ABB, click here.

Schneider Electric unveils modular AI data centre design

Global energy technology company Schneider Electric has introduced its RapidScale Modular Data Centre Reference Design 115, a pre-engineered blueprint for high-density AI infrastructure based on the NVIDIA Vera Rubin platform. The reference design combines power, liquid cooling, IT, software, and lifecycle services to support the repeatable deployment of AI data centres. It uses liquid cooling and temperature controls to manage heat and power consumption in high-density computing environments and is also intended to simplify site logistics and reduce the need for bespoke engineering. Prefabrication cuts installation time Research co-authored by Schneider Electric and hyperscale developer Compass Datacenters, Prefabricated White Space Module Time Study: Lessons from a High-Density Liquid-Cooled Deployment (White Paper 238), reports that prefabricated modular IT pods reduced on-site installation time from 75.5 hours to 15 hours per pod, an 80% reduction. Adil Attlassy, Chief Technology Officer of Compass Datacenters, explains, “The white space brings together the greatest concentration of systems and trades in the smallest footprint, with each installation dependent on the one before it. "Working jointly with Schneider Electric, we engineered a prefabricated module that integrates these systems into a single assembly, eliminating the need to coordinate multiple scopes of work on site. "By reducing on-site installation time by 80%, we accelerate deployment and help our customers bring their workloads online sooner.” Standardised infrastructure for AI factories The RapidScale approach combines pre-engineered designs with a supply chain spanning eight primary manufacturing sites, covering 1.35 million ft² (125,000m²), alongside three additional facilities and 12 partner sites across 10 countries. Schneider Electric says its manufacturing capacity has grown fourfold since 2025 and that around 90% of the equipment incorporated into RapidScale is manufactured in house. The reference design is intended as an initial step towards supporting the NVIDIA DSX POD reference design, which enables factory integration and validation of AI infrastructure before shipment. It has been validated to ANSI standards for US deployments, with plans to extend the framework to IEC standards for international use. Manish Kumar, Executive Vice President, Secure Power and Data Centres at Schneider Electric, notes, “As AI infrastructure scales at unprecedented speed, customers need solutions that are standardised, reliable, and deployable with certainty. "Through our portfolio of reference designs and prefabricated solutions, combined with global supply chain strength and lifecycle expertise, we help AI factory operators accelerate time to value while building the resilient infrastructure required for next-generation compute.” For more from Schneider Electric, click here.

Armada, Johnson Controls plan 500MW AI infrastructure rollout

Armada, a US provider of modular edge data centres and connectivity for remote sites, plans to work with Johnson Controls, a global provider of smart building technologies, to build 500MW of distributed sovereign super intelligence (SI) infrastructure in 2027, using factory-integrated systems based on NVIDIA’s DSX POD reference design and Vera Rubin platform. Announced at NVIDIA GTC, the collaboration will combine engineering, manufacturing, and deployment to deliver modular infrastructure with cabling, wiring, piping, and functional validation completed before shipment. Factory-built infrastructure aims to accelerate deployment The NVIDIA DSX POD reference design moves repeatable construction work from data centre sites into factories. Compute, networking, rack-level power, plumbing for liquid cooling, and supporting infrastructure are integrated and validated before delivery. On site, the containers are connected to prepared power, water, cooling, and networking infrastructure, with capacity expanded by adding standardised units. Armada will use NVIDIA DSX Air to simulate AI factories and validate its Bridge GPU management software before shipment. Once deployed, NVIDIA DSX MaxLPS will help manage power and workloads to maximise computing throughput within each site’s available power capacity. Dan Wright, co-founder and CEO of Armada, says, “The SI race isn't going to be won by whoever pours concrete the fastest. Companies and nations can have the chips, the land, the power, and the ambition and still be told to wait years for a building. "The NVIDIA DSX POD reference design lets us cut that wait out of the equation. We build the SI factory in one of our Galleon Forge factories, ship it, connect it, and our customers are generating tokens in months on infrastructure they own and control.” Distributed capacity for sovereign AI Armada says conventional 50MW facilities can take years to become IT-ready and require around 600,000 on-site labour hours. It also cites a projected construction workforce shortfall of 288,000 workers by 2027 as a challenge to expanding capacity. The company plans to deploy modular SI facilities close to energy sources, including stranded, renewable, and off-peak power. Its proposed architecture is designed to operate without cloud dependencies, allowing customers to retain control of their models, data, and infrastructure. Charlie Boyle, Vice President of DGX Systems at NVIDIA, notes, “The demand for compute is outpacing the speed at which the world can build the facilities to house it. "By utilising the NVIDIA DSX POD reference design, Armada can deliver factory-built, Vera Rubin-based containers to customers. Together with Johnson Controls, Armada is positioned to bring Vera Rubin-based factories to customers who need capacity now, wherever their energy and data are.” Manufacturing partnership Armada brings experience deploying modular data centre infrastructure in remote and challenging environments, including Alaska, a US Navy littoral combat ship, and desert locations in the Middle East. The company says its manufacturing and deployment capabilities will support the planned rollout, with Johnson Controls contributing thermal management technology, engineering, and global manufacturing capacity. Joakim Weidemanis, CEO of Johnson Controls, comments, “NVIDIA is rapidly advancing the age of intelligence and reshaping the infrastructure required to support it. "Our collaboration with Armada combines their expertise in deploying compute at the edge with Johnson Controls' advanced thermal management technology, engineering capabilities, and global manufacturing scale. This combination delivers high-performance infrastructure engineered to quickly bring capacity online where and when it's needed.” Under the collaboration, NVIDIA will design, test, and validate the DSX POD reference design for the Vera Rubin platform, whilst Armada will engineer, manufacture, integrate, customise, service, and deliver the modular data centres.

Huawei sets out its vision for intelligent data infrastructure

Speaking at Huawei Connect 2026 in Florence, Huawei's Data Storage leadership made the case that the AI race has entered a new phase, one where data quality and architecture - not raw compute - will determine which enterprises succeed. Florence, Italy, played host to Huawei Connect 2026 on 16 October, with the company's Data Storage Summit drawing together enterprise leaders, technology partners, and industry experts to examine how data infrastructure must evolve to serve the demands of the AI era. The central argument, articulated most clearly by Yuan Yuan, President of Huawei's Data Storage Product Line, was deceptively simple: computing power and model development have had their moment, and AI has now entered a stage where data is the decisive factor. "The next chapter of AI is data," Yuan says. His case rests on a structural argument: deploying AI successfully at enterprise scale is no longer primarily a question of accessing sufficient compute or choosing the right foundation model. The bottleneck has shifted to data - its quality, its accessibility, and the infrastructure built to manage it. Enterprises that fail to address this will find their AI investments underperforming, regardless of how much they spend on GPUs. A platform built for AI inference The headline product announcement at Florence was Huawei's 3+1 AI Data Platform Solution - the company's claim to be the first in the industry to integrate a knowledge base, key-value (KV) cache store, memory bank, and Unified Cache Manager into a single platform. The solution has already been deployed across more than 20 service scenarios, and the customer cases presented at the summit illustrate the practical impact. A leading hospital used the platform to address a persistent problem with large-model AI in clinical settings: limited understanding of specialist medical terminology and a tendency towards hallucinations. By integrating multimodal medical data and applying knowledge parsing, vectorisation, and knowledge graph construction, the hospital developed a clinical-grade agent for diagnosis and treatment, lifting the adoption rate of AI-assisted diagnosis reports from 50% to 90%. In a different context, a major internet company was struggling with the storage demands of multi-turn, long-sequence inference tasks for AI coding workflows. Huawei's platform improved inference throughput by a factor of 2.2 - measured in tokens per second - by replacing repeated computation with associative search, using multi-level cache scheduling and prefix cache techniques. Meanwhile, a large bank applied the platform to its customer service operations, automatically extracting historical conversation data and enabling memory recall in seconds, resulting in a 16% increase in customer satisfaction. Infrastructure that keeps pace with AI Lucio Ceruti, CTO of Huawei Data Storage Italy, outlined the product-level upgrades underpinning the broader platform story. Performance improvements centre on FlashLink intelligent algorithms, built on a data and control plane separation architecture, which deliver a 50% performance uplift. On resilience, an integrated ransomware protection system with network-storage collaboration achieves 99.99% ransomware identification accuracy, supported by intelligent health inspection and automatic diagnosis capabilities. Energy efficiency gains come from hardware-based offloading of deduplication and compression, combined with dynamic CPU frequency reduction, reducing overall power consumption without compromising throughput. Yuan also highlighted an upgraded AI Data Lake Solution, built on higher-density green hardware, with global data visibility, multi-dimensional vector retrieval, and the ability to deliver data in seconds - designed to act as a one-stop supply of high-quality data for AI training and inference pipelines. European deployments in practice Two European customer cases grounded the summit's broader narrative in concrete infrastructure terms. Daniele Cesarini, Head of AI/HPC Architecture at Cineca - Italy's national supercomputing centre - described how the organisation adopted Huawei OceanStor Pacific scale-out storage to build an exabyte-scale scientific research data lake with tiered storage for hot, warm, and cold data. The deployment supports the Square Kilometre Array project, among other large-scale scientific programmes, and has significantly reduced both system complexity and total cost of ownership. Marco Frontini, Chief Information and Digital Officer of Cerba HealthCare Italia, described a different challenge: consolidating a legacy IT architecture spread across 50 labs and five central nodes into a single full-stack platform. The company, which operates 400 medical centres, serves more than 1.2 million patients, and conducts over 50 million examinations each year, achieved a 23% reduction in five-year TCO while adding ransomware protection and zero data loss capabilities. Building for what comes next Adley Zhang, Director of Huawei's European Data Centre Marketing and Solution Sales Department, contextualised the product and customer announcements within Huawei's broader European trajectory. The company has been expanding its presence across finance, healthcare, education and research, and retail, and Zhang emphasised Huawei's commitment to an open and innovative ecosystem as the foundation for continued growth in the region. For data centre and infrastructure professionals, Huawei believes its Florence summit's message is worth taking seriously. The shift Yuan describes - from compute-centric to data-centric AI infrastructure - has real architectural implications. It demands storage systems capable of supporting high-throughput inference, low-latency retrieval, long-term memory, and seamless data governance at scale. Huawei's argument is that these requirements call for a purpose-built platform, not a collection of upgraded legacy components. The customer deployments on show in Florence suggest that argument is beginning to find traction across European enterprises. For more from Huawei, click here. This article is sponsored by Huawei

JSM completes 110kV substation at Berlin data centre

JSM Services, part of utility infrastructure provider JSM Group, has completed the structural works on a 110kV substation at maincubes’ mainHub data centre campus in Nauen, near Berlin, six months after construction began. The topping-out ceremony took place on 13 October and marks progress on the power infrastructure for the campus. As general contractor, JSM is delivering the 200MVA substation and an approximately 6km high-voltage cable route connecting the campus to the Wustermark substation. The project is JSM’s first in Germany. Construction began at the end of February, but ground investigations found topsoil up to 3m deep, compared with the expected 1m. Around 4,200m³ of soil was replaced to provide a secure foundation. During summer temperatures of up to 41°C, concrete pours were scheduled for the early hours to maintain progress. The substation incorporates around 250 tonnes of structural steel embedded in concrete and approximately 3,500m² of precast walls and ceilings. An 11m-span ceiling in the central block was lifted into place in a single day. Peter Östlund (pictured above), Managing Director of JSM Services, says, “Today, there is no longer a wooden roof truss here, but concrete and steel. Yet, the essence of a topping-out ceremony remains the same: it is a celebration of gratitude towards the people who built it. "10 design firms, 14 companies, and even more suppliers have worked together on this building. Despite its comparatively small size, it is highly complex, and every one of them has played their part in getting us here.” Cable route works progress in parallel The substation will house four transformers, each weighing just under 70 tonnes. The installation of building services is scheduled to begin at the end of October, followed by the delivery of the transformers. Work on the cable route is progressing across four construction phases. More than 27km of protective conduit has been laid, around 14,000m³ of cable trench excavated, and more than 3,000 tonnes of asphalt removed. 10 horizontal boreholes are planned to cross the L161 and B5 roads. The project has also involved managing archaeological finds, crossing existing water and gas pipes and other utilities, and protecting trees and wildlife. JSM reports that around 18,000 working hours have been completed at the substation and a further 6,200 on the cable route, totalling approximately 24,000 hours without an accident resulting in lost time or serious injury. Thomas Wacker, Chief Development Officer at maincubes, comments, “The topping-out of the substation marks an important milestone in the development of mainHub Berlin and brings us one step closer to delivering the infrastructure needed to support the campus. "A reliable power supply is fundamental to the long-term success of any data centre, and we are pleased to see this critical element taking shape on schedule. The progress achieved in just six months is a testament to the commitment and expertise of everyone involved. "We look forward to the next phase as we continue to bring our vision for mainHub Berlin to life.” The Nauen development expands maincubes’ presence in the Berlin region, building on the operation of its existing BER01 data centre. For more from JSM, click here.

center3, Epsilon to expand Saudi internet exchange access

Middle Eastern digital infrastructure provider center3 has appointed Epsilon Telecommunications, a global connectivity provider offering network, cloud, and colocation services, as a reseller for its one-IX (internet exchange) platform, enabling international networks and digital service providers to access exchange points in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam. The partnership will extend the reach of center3’s internet exchange services through Epsilon’s international connectivity network, allowing global networks, cloud providers, and content aggregators to peer with networks in Saudi Arabia. Powered by the London Internet Exchange (LINX) since 2019, center3’s internet exchange platform supports interconnection across Saudi Arabia. The company says the partnership will help improve traffic localisation, reduce latency, and simplify access for international networks seeking to connect with the country’s digital ecosystem. Expanding international connectivity Hussein Alnajrani, Chief Commercial Officer at center3, says, “The selection of Epsilon as our reseller partner represents an important step in expanding the global reach of center3 internet exchange nodes. "Through our carrier-neutral data centres, international networks can connect to Saudi Arabia’s digital ecosystem and benefit from low-latency, secure, and scalable interconnection services. "As demand for streaming content, cloud, and digital services continues to accelerate across the region, center3 remains committed to building the infrastructure and partnerships that enable digital growth and contribute to Saudi Arabia’s ambition to become a leading global connectivity hub.” Warren Aw, Chief Commercial Officer at Epsilon Telecommunications, adds, “It's great to work with center3 to enable efficient, high-performance peering in and out of Saudi Arabia. Together, we're making it easier for content providers to connect with users across the Middle East, APAC, and beyond. "This partnership is an important milestone in our ongoing collaboration with center3 and supports growing demand for low-latency, high-capacity connectivity in the region.” The companies say the partnership will benefit sectors including streaming, gaming, digital media, cloud services, and AI applications, where low-latency connectivity and proximity to users are important. The expanded access is intended to support more efficient traffic exchange and localised content delivery as demand for digital services grows across the region. For more from Epsilon, click here.

ORCA launches PT-3 photonic quantum computer

ORCA Computing, a London-based developer of photonic quantum computers for data centres, has launched PT-3, a photonic quantum computer designed to deliver commercial quantum advantage. The first system is operational at Digital Realty’s Innovation Lab in London, where it runs alongside NVIDIA accelerated computing. ORCA says PT-3 works alongside graphics processing units (GPUs) to increase the expressivity of AI models, helping them learn from limited training data and identify candidates for new drugs and materials. The system has generated results using a hybrid quantum-classical extension of NVIDIA’s Proteína generative protein-design model. Trained using 32 NVIDIA Hopper GPUs and a PT-3 system operating with 64 photons in 128 qumodes, the model improved the ratio of useful proteins by 20% compared with a classical baseline. It also generated novel proteins with a different mix of secondary structures. These results build on earlier work using ORCA’s PT-2 system with the Technical University of Denmark, which produced around twice as many strong peptide binders as classical AI, validated in laboratory testing, and generated 49% more valid, unique molecules on the QM9 benchmark. Faster optimisation workflows PT-3 is also being used for industrial optimisation, including energy scheduling. In work involving JIJ and the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre, the system ran a hybrid quantum-classical workflow for a 25,755-variable unit commitment problem in about an hour. ORCA says this is more than 12 times faster than its predecessor at the same solution quality. The associated whitepaper found that the hybrid solver produced results competitive with a commercial optimisation solver and, with additional runtime, found the best solutions among the methods tested. Richard Murray, co-founder and CEO of ORCA Computing, comments, “By integrating our photonic quantum computer with NVIDIA accelerated computing, we have taken a critical first step in the future of hybrid quantum supercomputing. "The PT-3 is already delivering results in AI for science and industrial optimisation, from protein design to energy scheduling. Through Digital Realty, enterprise users can now put it to work on their most challenging workloads, and customers are trialling use cases in life sciences, defence, energy, and logistics.” Sam Stanwyck, Director of Quantum Product at NVIDIA, adds, “With the PT-3, ORCA is bringing photonic quantum computing and NVIDIA accelerated computing together in a system researchers can use to develop and test new applications. "The value of a computing platform is in what researchers build on it. ORCA’s extension of NVIDIA’s Proteína model to generate a different range of protein structures with improved designability is a great example of what can be accomplished when these tools come together.” Séamus Dunne, Managing Director, UK and Ireland at Digital Realty, says, “Our partnership with ORCA reflects a shared ambition to make quantum computing practical for business. "Hosting the PT-3 in the DRIL gives us a real-world environment to explore how quantum can deliver value today, and it’s a significant step towards commercial quantum advantage at scale.”

Colt DCS, RMZ begin construction of 64MW Mumbai data centre

Colt Data Centre Services (Colt DCS), a hyperscale and colocation data centre operator, and RMZ, an Indian real estate and digital infrastructure group, have begun construction of Mumbai 3, a 64MW data centre at the Navi Mumbai campus in India. The AI-ready facility follows the signing of the campus's first hyperscale customer contract and is fully pre-let. The project is part of a joint venture announced in 2024, under which the companies committed to invest $1.7 billion (£1.2 billion) in India’s data centre market. Ground preparation began in December 2025. Mumbai 3 will combine air cooling with direct liquid-to-chip cooling to support AI and high-performance computing workloads. The facility will also have an on-campus 220kV gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) substation and carrier-neutral connectivity with access to high-capacity fibre routes. Pratap Mane, Country Head DCS, India, says, “The nature of data centre demand is evolving rapidly, with customers requiring larger deployments, higher rack densities, and infrastructure capable of supporting increasingly intensive AI workloads. Mumbai 3 is designed to address these needs, further strengthening our Navi Mumbai Campus as a scalable and future-ready digital infrastructure platform. "Built with AI readiness at its core, the facility incorporates advanced cooling capabilities, including liquid cooling, and enhanced power infrastructure to support high-density deployments. This enables customers to efficiently scale next-generation AI and high-performance computing workloads while maintaining operational resilience and efficiency.” Renewable energy and local jobs The facility is planned to operate on 100% renewable energy and use a closed-loop cooling system designed to produce near-zero wastewater from the cooling process. The project is expected to create more than 700 jobs across construction and operations whilst supporting local suppliers and contractors. Mumbai 3 will join the existing Mumbai 1 and Mumbai 2 facilities at the campus. Once complete, it will increase the site’s operational capacity to 86MW, with potential for the campus to reach 148MW at full development. Deepak Chhabria, President, RMZ Digital Infrastructure, comments, “The next wave of digital growth will be driven by infrastructure that brings together scale, resilience, and speed to market. "At Mumbai 3, we are developing a future-ready campus designed to enable hyperscalers and neo-cloud providers to scale seamlessly as their capacity and computing needs evolve. "This investment reinforces our commitment to building advanced data centre and AI infrastructure that meets global standards and supports the rapidly evolving demands of the digital economy.” The joint venture has committed to developing 250MW of data centre capacity across Mumbai and Chennai. For more from Colt DCS, click here.

1.3GW solar farm and 1GW data centre proposed in Norfolk

EPL Norfolk, a subsidiary of UK-based independent energy developer Evolution Power, has announced plans for Longmarsh Green Energy, a proposed 1.3GW solar farm and battery project alongside a 1GW data centre campus near King’s Lynn in west Norfolk. A community consultation on the proposal is set to run from 15 October to 26 November 2026. The project comprises two sites: one northeast of Tilney St Lawrence and another near Fincham and Barton Bendish. The development would connect to the existing transmission network substation at Walpole, with a connection date expected in 2031. The proposed data centre campus is expected to attract more than £25 billion in regional investment. According to EPL Norfolk, it would create thousands of construction jobs, more than 500 direct operational roles, and support a further 1,500 jobs. Renewable power and regional investment The company says the combination of local offshore wind generation and 1.3GW of colocated solar capacity would allow the campus to be powered predominantly by locally sourced renewable energy. It also proposes a closed-loop cooling system that recirculates liquid rather than continually drawing water from mains supplies. A spokesperson for the project says, “Longmarsh Green Energy would bring significant local and national economic benefits, providing secure renewable energy and data centre capacity, both of which are critical for future UK economic growth. "Our design includes measures and commitments to reduce local effects, and we welcome feedback on these, together with suggestions regarding how the project could support local community projects and initiatives.”